紅血球細胞的生成和破壞(Generation and destruction of red blood cells)

體內反應
強調三個方格之間鐵的循環
Bone marrow:人體每小時可由骨隨生成約10的10次方個、計0.3克的紅血球。強調其生成的高效性。
Circulation:人體內循環系統保持有10的13次方的紅血球數,900克。
Tissue macrophage system:體內每小時破壞掉10的10次方個、0.3克的old erythrocyte(衰老紅血球)。破壞掉後的剩餘碎片,由tissue macrophage system(組織中有巨噬細胞的部位)處理掉,以保持血球數量的恆定
※主要的部位是脾臟,少部分在肝臟
 最後被分解為膽色素和鐵,隨糞便和尿液排出體外
1. 血球生成
 造血幹細胞在正常情形下會持續產生血球

資料來源:維基百科
2. 紅血球生成(Generation of red blood cells)
A.紅血球在生理代謝中佔非常重要的部分,紅血球中所含有的血紅蛋白(hemoglobin)是運送氧氣重要成分
B.紅血球源自於Proerythroblast,經過一連串分化增值而形成紅血球
I. 前紅血球母細胞(proerythroblast) → 嗜鹼性紅血球母細胞(basophil erythroblast) → 多染色性紅血球母細胞(polychromatophil erythroblast) →正染色性紅血球母細胞(orthrochromatic erythroblast) → 網狀血球(reticulocyte) → 紅血球

資料來源:medicinexplained
II. 從前紅血球母細胞到正染色性紅血球母細胞的過程,都在骨髓中完成,且需要EPO紅血球生成素的幫忙
III. 在骨髓中前半段的過程需要為維生素B12(Vitamin B12)維生素B9(vitamin B9)的幫忙,幫忙細胞DNA的ATGC中T的合成,後半段則需要亞鐵幫忙血紅素的生成
IV. 在剛開始的製造過程中,因為紅血球尚未形成血紅素,所以形狀和一般不一樣,也不是紅紅一顆一顆的
V. 到網狀血球時,大部份胞器都消失了,剩下高爾基氏體等胞器,故稱之網狀血球,此時會鑽出骨髓到血管中,約需1~2天
四、 血紅素
1. 血紅素中心的鐵離子(Fe+2)可以和氧氣形成疏鬆的鍵結,是紅血球能夠攜帶氧氣的關鍵!
2. 如果身體內的血液不夠,可能會造成Iron deficiency anemia(缺鐵性貧血)
※缺鐵性貧血並不是疾病,只是徵狀
3. Deoxygenated hemoglobin(去氧血紅素)與Oxyhemoglobin(攜氧血紅素)

資料來源:美國華盛頓大學
▼血液(blood) 顯示/隱藏(show/hide)

3 意見:

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