Nematoda(線蟲)
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學名
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Gnathostoma spinigerum
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中文名
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有棘頷口線蟲
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體型(成蟲)
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F:52~54*3~4mm
M:11~25*3~4mm 口有8排棘；3rd有4排 體型矮胖，寬度比蛔蟲略小 棘從頭部開始一直延伸到身體中段消失，到接近尾端部分才又有棘(spine) 3rd：3~4mm 蟲體呈粉紅色  資料來源：medscape |
鞘
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-
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微絲蟲尾核
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-
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微絲蟲頭部間隙
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-
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sucking groove/sucker
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-
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oral sucker
ventral sucker genital sucker |
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生殖開口位置
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-
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睪丸數量
型態 |
-
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Vitellaria位置
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-
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ovary位置
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uterus位置
型態 |
-
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成熟節片
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-
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受孕節片
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-
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雌性生殖系統套數
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2
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交配刺
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2
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肌肉層
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?
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口囊
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兩片口唇
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卵/胎生
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卵生
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形狀大小
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卵殼
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?
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顏色
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?
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內容物
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?
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囊幼/擬囊幼
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人類角色(宿主)/完整宿主圈
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1st IMH：水蚤
2nd IMH：淡水魚 FH：貓、狗、虎 paratenic host：蛙、鳥 人：非自然宿主  資料來源：美國史丹佛大學 卵在水中孵化成為第一期幼蟲 水蚤為第一中間宿主：第一期幼蟲在水中感染水蚤發育成為第二期幼蟲 淡水魚和青蛙為第二中間宿主：水蚤被淡水魚或青蛙吃入，在魚或蛙體內發育成為第三期幼蟲，此時對人類具有感染力 貓、狗、老虎、豬為終宿主：魚被貓狗豬虎等雜食或肉食動物吃掉，在體內形成成蟲產卵從糞便排出；終宿主吃到第二中間宿主或保幼宿主都有可能被感染 鳥、家禽、青蛙以及蛇等等都有可能成為paratenic host（保蚴宿主），在他們體內不發育（型態不改變） 人類並非正常宿主，並且主要感染第三期幼蟲；可能是因為吃了體內有第三期幼蟲的鳥類、淡水魚或是敷了含有生青蛙的青草藥。幼蟲可以寄生於皮膚、眼睛、內臟還有神經系統 |
成蟲寄生位置
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皮膚、內臟、眼睛、神經系統
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感染源
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2nd larvae
3rd larvae |
感染方式
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口食、皮膚
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移行
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口腔/皮膚→隨循環系統寄生於皮膚、內臟、眼睛、神經系統
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幼蟲疾病
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Ÿ 皮膚病害：爬行疹
Ÿ 膿腫：可能發生在身體各部份(長江浮腫) |
成蟲疾病
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-
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診斷
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臨床
抗體測試 |
流行病學
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治療
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albendazole
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經土壤
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?
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Rhabditiform larva
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Filariform larva
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microfilaria
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-
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絛蟲Larva系列
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-
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備註
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大小：3-4×1mm
頭部只含四排棘
全身棘的數目約兩百排左右
2.Pathology and symptomatology
2.Pathology and symptomatology
感染階段
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第三期幼蟲
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感染方式
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經口腔或皮膚（偏遠地區以蛇肉敷臉的偏方）進入人體
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感染媒介
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淡水魚以及蛙蛇鳥鼠蟹等保幼宿主
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症狀
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abscess nodules（腫脹）：造成下列部位結節腫大，眼睛、手指、咽喉、耳、臉（在中國多寄生於臉部造成浮腫，故此類臉部浮腫又稱長江浮腫）、胸、腹
creeping eruption（爬行疹），幼蟲在皮膚爬過的地方會紅腫
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診斷與治療
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診斷
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因為不會在人體內形成成蟲，所以無法用糞便檢查蟲卵，多用抗體檢測；也有臨床診斷，但不太容易
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治療
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外科手術直接將蟲體取出（這個方法廣東住血線蟲也適用）；MBZ亦可（補充）
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病例重點
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是個眼睛病例，將蟲抓出後視力就完全恢復了。眼睛裡眼科檢查都檢查的到，即使L3幼蟲只有3-4mm的大小
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寄生蟲(parasite)
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