官能基與其前後綴字命名法(functional group designation)

官能基族
通式
基名稱
後綴字
alcoholate
-O(-)
Oxido-
-olate
alcohols
-OH
Hydroxyl-
-ol
ether
-OR
(R)-oxy-
pereoxide
-O-OR
(R)-peroxy-
thiols
-SH
Sulfanyl-
mercapto-
-thiol
sulfides
-SR
(R)-sulfanyl
amines
-NH2
Amino-
-amine
Carboxylic acids
-CO2H
Carboxy-
-carboxylic acid
Carboxylate salts
-CO2(-)
M(+)
(Cation)…carboxylate
(cation)…oate
Acid halides
-CO-X
Halocarbonyl-
-carbonyl halide
-oyl halide
esters
-COOR
(R)-
oxycarbonyl-
(R)…carboxylate
(R)…oate
hydroperoxides
-O-OH
Hydroperoxy-
aldehydes
-CH=O
Formyl-
-carbaldehyde
-al
ketones
C=O
-oxo
-one
imines
C=NR
(R)-imino-
imine
nitriles
-CN
Cyano-
-carbonitrile
-nitrile
Sulfonic acid
-SO2H
Sulfo-
-sulfonic aicd

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