毒素干擾cAMP產生的系統(Toxins interfere with cAMP production systems)

A. 霍亂毒素(cholera toxin):作用在腸道細胞,它會在Gs的α次單元上(sα)接上ADP-ribose(進行ADP-ribosylation),如此一來其GTPase的活性便被抑制,GTP無法水解成GDP,使Gs處在持續活化的狀態,不斷促進adenylyl cyclase(AC)活性,製造出過多的cAMP,過多的cAMP會使細胞內過多的液體及電解質外流到腸道內,造成急性腹瀉

CTX=霍亂毒素(cholera toxin);PTX= 百日咳毒素(Pertussis toxin)
資料來源:自然期刊
B. 百日咳毒素(Pertussis toxin):作用在呼吸道細胞,它會在Gi的α次單元上(iα)接上ADP-ribose(進行ADP-ribosylation),如此一來便無法將GDP置換為GTP,Gi protein便失去了抑制AC活性的能力,細胞內AC活性很高,製造出過多的cAMP,呼吸道細胞內的cAMP量太高會導致強烈的咳嗽
C. 霍亂毒素(cholera toxin)及百日咳毒素(Perussis toxin)之異同

霍亂毒素(cholera toxin
百日咳毒素(Perussis toxin
相異
作用在Gsα次單元上之第201號胺基酸Arg
作用在Giα次單元上之胺基酸CysC端上
相同
兩者都是干擾cAMP生成的調控系統,使cAMP濃度過高,當發生在腸道系統會引起腹瀉,發生在呼吸道系統則會引起百日咳
註:Gs及Gi protein會調控adenylyl cyclase活性。Gs會使cAMP量上升,Gi則會使cAMP量下降
D.白喉毒素(diphtheria toxin):催化elongation factor-2(EF2)的ADP-ribosylation,導致eEF2無法幫助RNA持續轉譯出胺基酸。

資料來源:studyblue
參見:Vibrio cholera(霍亂弧菌)
   Bordetella pertussis(百日咳桿菌)

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